India’s Military Operations Against Pakistan: From Operation Riddle to Operation Sindoor

Fortune India

Operation Riddle (1965)

Launched during the 1965 Indo-Pak War, Operation Riddle was India’s swift counteroffensive after Pakistan’s infiltration in Kashmir. Indian troops targeted Lahore and Kasur, halting Pakistan’s advance.

Operation Ablaze (1965)

A pre-emptive mobilisation by the Indian Army along the western border, Operation Ablaze showcased India’s readiness to respond to Pakistani aggression well before full-scale war broke out.

Operation Cactus Lily (1971)

During the Bangladesh Liberation War, India’s airlift of troops across the Meghna River helped bypass Pakistani defences. This daring manoeuvre paved the way for the fall of Dhaka.

Operations Trident & Python (1971)

Executed by the Indian Navy, these night-time naval assaults on Karachi destroyed fuel reserves and ships. It marked India’s dominance at sea during the 1971 war.

Operation Meghdoot (1984)

To stop Pakistan’s quiet advance into Siachen, India launched Operation Meghdoot, securing strategic peaks on the glacier. It marked the beginning of India’s hold over the world’s highest battlefield.

Operation Vijay (1999)

After Pakistani troops occupied Kargil heights, India launched Operation Vijay to reclaim the territory. Over two months of intense fighting, Indian forces regained all critical posts.

Operation Safed Sagar (1999)

This was the Indian Air Force’s codename for its Kargil campaign. Jets targeted Pakistani positions in high-altitude zones, with precision bombing that changed the course of the conflict.

Surgical Strikes (2016)

Days after the deadly Uri terror attack, Indian special forces crossed the LoC and destroyed terror launchpads. This marked a shift toward proactive counter-terror action.

Operation Bandar (2019)

After 40 CRPF soldiers were killed in Pulwama, the IAF struck Jaish-e-Mohammed’s Balakot training camp. India’s air raid signalled a new red line on cross-border terror.

Operation Sindoor (2025)

India’s latest cross-border strike, launched after the Pahalgam terror attack, was named Operation Sindoor. India's armed forces targeted terror bases in nine regions of Pakistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir.

From Steel to Symbolism: India’s Military Message

Each Indian operation has sent a powerful message — of strength, precision, and now, tribute. Operation Sindoor marks a poignant evolution in India’s military doctrine.

Operation Sindoor: Women Officers Leading India’s Response on Pahalgam Attack