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India’s bio-economy registered a 9.75% growth, reaching $165.7 billion in 2024, compared to $151.1 billion the previous year. This marks a significant rise from $86 billion in 2020, according to the annual India Bio-Economy Report (IBER) published by the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), a government body. The growth has been driven by advancements in biotechnology, agricultural innovation, bio-manufacturing, and healthcare, the report notes.
IBER highlights that the bio-industrial and bio-pharma segments were the primary drivers of growth in 2024, collectively accounting for nearly 82.4% of the sector’s value. The bio-industrial segment contributed $78.2 billion, while bio-pharma stood at $58.4 billion. The report also pointed out that although the bio-agricultural segment and bio-IT/research services held smaller shares of 8.1% and 9.4% respectively, they remain crucial for fostering innovation and addressing key challenges in agriculture and healthcare.
August 2025
As India continues to be the world’s fastest-growing major economy, Fortune India presents its special issue on the nation’s Top 100 Billionaires. Curated in partnership with Waterfield Advisors, this year’s list reflects a slight decline in the number of dollar billionaires—from 185 to 182—even as the entry threshold for the Top 100 rose to ₹24,283 crore, up from ₹22,739 crore last year. From stalwarts like Mukesh Ambani, Gautam Adani, and the Mistry family, who continue to lead the list, to major gainers such as Sunil Mittal and Kumar Mangalam Birla, the issue goes beyond the numbers to explore the resilience, ambition, and strategic foresight that define India’s wealth creators. Read their compelling stories in the latest issue of Fortune India. On stands now.
The bio-industrial segment encompasses bio-based chemicals and products developed using enzymes, biosynthetic processes, and recombinant DNA technology. It includes biofuels, bioplastics, biogas, and enzymatic applications across industries ranging from beverages to detergents. The bio-pharma and bio-medical sectors focus on pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostics, and lab-grown organoids, with advancements in cancer immunotherapy, gene editing, precision medicine, and biologics. Bio-research and bio-IT segments cover contract research, clinical trials, biotech software and databases, specialized equipment, and bioscience education services. Meanwhile, the bio-agriculture sub-segment includes genetically modified crops, precision agriculture, and bio-based products, with Bt cotton serving as a key example of biotech’s role in improving agricultural yields and sustainability.
“Biotechnology is no longer just a sector—it is a pillar of India’s economic growth. The bio-economy now contributes 4.25% to the national GDP ($3.89 trillion). India’s unique challenges require a tailored approach, and BIRAC is playing a crucial role in propelling the country’s biotech sector towards a brighter future,” said Dr. Rajesh S. Gokhale, Secretary, DBT, and Chairman, BIRAC.
According to the report, Maharashtra led India’s bio-economy with a value of $35.45 billion, representing 21.4% of the total bio-economy. Karnataka ($32.37 billion), Telangana ($19.9 billion), Gujarat ($12.9 billion), Uttar Pradesh ($11.3 billion), Andhra Pradesh ($11.1 billion), and Tamil Nadu ($9.9 billion) were also major contributors.
In 2024, 1,544 new biotech startups were incorporated across the country, bringing the total number of biotech startups in India to 10,075.
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