ADVERTISEMENT
India's gig workers reported a decline in take-home earnings across platforms as fuel costs increased and platform commissions decreased during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reinforced a long-term decline in the incomes of gig workers due to decrease in rate cards and incentives, according to Fairwork India report, an annual study of the labour conditions of gig workers for app-based businesses.
This year, the study focussed on major players: Amazon, BigBasket, Dunzo, Flipkart, Ola, PharmEasy, Porter, Swiggy, Uber, Urban Company and Zomato, whose service domains cover domestic and personal care services, logistics, food delivery, e-pharmacy and transportation.
August 2025
As India continues to be the world’s fastest-growing major economy, Fortune India presents its special issue on the nation’s Top 100 Billionaires. Curated in partnership with Waterfield Advisors, this year’s list reflects a slight decline in the number of dollar billionaires—from 185 to 182—even as the entry threshold for the Top 100 rose to ₹24,283 crore, up from ₹22,739 crore last year. From stalwarts like Mukesh Ambani, Gautam Adani, and the Mistry family, who continue to lead the list, to major gainers such as Sunil Mittal and Kumar Mangalam Birla, the issue goes beyond the numbers to explore the resilience, ambition, and strategic foresight that define India’s wealth creators. Read their compelling stories in the latest issue of Fortune India. On stands now.
The contentious relationship between gig workers and the platforms they work for continues to define the platform economy, the report says, especially over platforms referring to workers as 'independent contractors'. The sticking points include social security benefits, gratuity, minimum wage protection, and working hours.
Fairwork focuses on five principles of fair gig work: fair pay, fair conditions, fair contracts, fair management, and fair representation. This study evaluates and awards a basic and an advanced point to a platform for each principle. A platform can earn a maximum of 10 points.
No platform scored more than seven; none scored all basic points across the five principles; and three—Ola, Porter and Uber—scored nothing. Ola and Uber are tech unicorns.
As for work conditions, most platforms were unable to mitigate occupational risks that workers face, including road accidents, theft, violence, and adverse weather conditions. Workers also faced the additional risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus this past year. Three platforms provided their workers with accident insurance policies, took steps to improve claims processes and raise awareness of accident insurance, and had in place responsive emergency helplines. To deal with the threat of COVID-19, they also provided masks, sanitisers, a COVID-19 vaccination drive and insurance cover. Other platforms were either making policy changes, or were in the process of implementing them, to deal with the various occupational risks faced by workers.
As for the paperwork that protects both the employee and the employed: contracts—the study found an improvement in their accessibility and readability. Several platforms provided agreements in multiple languages but these remained opaque and difficult to understand. Some lacked a defined notification period, while another the process of how changes may be made to worker terms and conditions. Three platforms have committed to reducing the asymmetry in liabilities imposed on workers.
“Yet, the (mis)classification of gig workers as ‘independent contractors’ or ‘partners’, continues,” says the report. Many platforms lack the willingness to recognise and negotiate with worker collectives. The overall rates of collective association among workers remains low so far but this is changing.
Fortune India is now on WhatsApp! Get the latest updates from the world of business and economy delivered straight to your phone. Subscribe now.