Driving India’s bold journey toward tech leadership

As we approach 2025, India stands at a defining moment in its journey toward becoming a global leader in digital innovation. This is more than an opportunity—it’s a responsibility to shape the future of technology and its impact on society. With one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is propelled by rapid technological adoption, a dynamic innovation ecosystem, and an ambitious, skilled workforce. This ‘Naya Daur’ presents an unprecedented chance to harness the convergence of transformative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), semiconductors, and quantum computing to accelerate GDP growth, revolutionise industries, and create millions of jobs.

However, the path to this digital renaissance is complex. It demands more than technology adoption; it requires thoughtful integration, responsible use, and a robust strategy for skill development. To unlock this potential, I believe India needs a 3x3 framework: focusing on three transformative technology verticals—AI, semiconductors, and quantum computing—supported by three horizontal pillars: government support, skilling, and ecosystem collaboration.

Convergence of the Transformative Trinity

India’s trajectory to becoming a $10 trillion economy by 2035 hinges on the convergence of AI, semiconductors, and quantum computing—technologies that will redefine industries and propel the nation into global leadership.

India is already embracing AI at scale. According to IBM’s AI Adoption Index, 59% of Indian enterprises have begun integrating AI into their operations. However, only a fraction have scaled these initiatives to unlock transformative value. As AI matures, the future lies in developing multi-modal, multi-vendor environments that can process diverse datasets efficiently.

Moreover, smaller, task-specific AI models designed for efficiency and resource optimisation will emerge as game changers. These models resonate with India’s local context, delivering high ROI while being accessible to businesses of all scales. IBM’s Asia Pacific AI Outlook 2025 reveals that enterprises are moving from experimentation to leveraging AI for tangible outcomes such as revenue growth, cost efficiency, and innovation—trends that will define India’s AI adoption trajectory.

Semiconductors are the enablers of AI, providing the computing power needed to scale and sustain its applications. India’s commitment to becoming a significant player in the global semiconductor ecosystem is evident. Initiatives such as the inaugural SEMICON India 2024 have showcased the nation’s aspirations.

India already accounts for 20% of the global chip design talent. By fostering public-private-academic partnerships, investing in R&D, and scaling manufacturing capabilities, the nation can emerge as a hub for semiconductor innovation.

Though still in its infancy, quantum computing offers unparalleled potential to reshape industries. Indian organisations can seize a first-mover advantage by investing in education and early adoption. Fields like quantum algorithm discovery and quantum-centric supercomputing present immense opportunities for India, given its strong foundation in software engineering and high-performance computing.

Pillars of Growth: The 3 Horizontal Enablers

For India to lead the development and deployment of these technologies and achieve its vision of Viksit Bharat, it will require concerted effort and the amalgamation of many catalysts. I will focus on the three most important – Government support, Skilling and Ecosystem collaboration.

A strong policy framework and strategic investments are indispensable. Initiatives such as the IndiaAI Mission, India Semiconductor Mission, and National Quantum Mission provide the foundational infrastructure and confidence needed for industry growth.

For example, the ₹10,372 crore allocation for the IndiaAI Mission is a bold step toward making India a global leader in AI. Such initiatives, coupled with state-led efforts like Gujarat’s AI Cluster in GIFT City, set the stage for sustained innovation.

India’s demographic dividend and talent pool are its greatest assets. Over the past three decades, the nation has established itself as a global IT powerhouse. However, the next leap requires transitioning from IT services dominance to becoming a global hub for innovation in emerging technologies.

Comprehensive skilling programs—spanning schools, universities, and professional levels—are crucial to prepare the workforce for this shift. Public-private collaborations, such as partnerships between IITs and leading technology companies, play a pivotal role in equipping students with cutting-edge skills.

Collaboration between government, industry, and academia is essential to accelerate growth. Initiatives like the AI Alliance exemplify how joint efforts can align technological advancements with societal needs. Similarly, academic institutions partnering with technology companies can deliver enriched curriculums, advanced infrastructure, and experiential learning opportunities.

The Bold Vision for 2025 and Beyond

India’s vision for Viksit Bharat is not merely about technological advancement—it’s about creating a future where technology uplifts humanity, fosters inclusivity, and drives sustainable progress. By integrating cutting-edge solutions with trust, governance, and purpose, India can set a global benchmark for digital leadership.

The journey will be challenging, but the rewards are immense.

(Sandip Patel serves as the Managing Director of IBM India & South Asia)